Estimated Percentages and Characteristics of Men Who Have Sex with Men and Use Injection Drugs — United States, 1999–2011
نویسندگان
چکیده
Male-to-male sex and illicit injection drug use are important transmission routes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of all new HIV infections in 2010, 80% were among men, of which 78% were among men who have sex with men (MSM), 6% among male injection drug users (IDU), and 4% among men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM/IDU). MSM/IDU might have different prevention needs from men who are either MSM or IDU, but not both. A combination of effective, scalable, and evidence-based approaches that address male-to-male sex and injection drug use behaviors might reduce HIV infections among MSM/IDU. To refine calculations of disease rates attributed to MSM and IDU by accounting for MSM/IDU, CDC used data from 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the percentage and number of MSM/IDU in the general population. To further describe demographic similarities and differences of MSM/IDU identified by different surveillance systems, CDC also compared data from four HIV surveillance systems: the 2008 and 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS), the 2011 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), and the 2007-2009 Medical Monitoring Project (MMP). Of males aged ≥ 18 years, MSM/IDU comprised an estimated 0.35% in NHANES, 7%-20% in NHBS, an estimated 4%-8% in NHSS, and 9% in MMP. Across surveillance systems, MSM/IDU accounted for 4%-12% of MSM and 11%-39% of male IDU. Risk reduction programs and interventions targeted toward male IDU populations might be more effective if they also incorporate messages about male-to-male sex.
منابع مشابه
Think HIV: why physicians should lower their threshold for HIV testing.
M ore than 1 million people in the United States are estimated to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a national prevalence of 0.3%. About half of those infected are men who have sex with men and a quarter are injection drug users. The incidence of HIV infection appears to have leveled off among men who have sex with men but continues to rise in injection drug users, women,...
متن کاملImpact of Mobile Phone-Based Interventions on Methamphetamine Use and High-risk Sexual Behaviors in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Systematic Review
متن کامل
Prescribing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis by HIV Medical Providers in the United States, 2013–2014
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for reducing HIV acquisition. Understanding how HIV care providers are prescribing PrEP is necessary to ensure success of this prevention strategy. METHODS During 2013-2014, we surveyed US HIV care providers who also provided care to HIV-negative patients. We es...
متن کاملHIV risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among men who have sex with men--National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 21 U.S. cities, United States, 2008.
PROBLEM/CONDITION Approximately 1.1 million persons in the United States are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. More than half of those infected are men who have sex with men (MSM). REPORTING PERIOD June-December 2008. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) System collects risk behavior data from three populations at high risk for HIV in...
متن کاملPoverty among Hispanic Women in the United States of America between 2005 and 2010
Poverty is a widespread problem not only inflicting poor nations, but also nations like the United States of America. In the history of the United States, women and racial minorities had always been persistently struggling with poverty. This paper intends to investigate poverty among Hispanic women between 2005 and 2010 and identify and analyze the relevant contributing factors. Within this per...
متن کامل